Challenges faced by Psychiatric Nurse-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Identify the challenges faced by Psychiatric Nurse in maintaining Patients autonomy during Emergencies. Answer: Introduction: The nursing practice standard is organized around the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning specific health outcome, implementing interventions and evaluating the care process. However, psychiatric mental health nurse face various challenges in maintaining the nursing standards while caring for mentally ill patients. According to the standard 9 of the NMBA standards for nursing practice, nurses are required to support individual or groups to informed decision making and respect a patients decision for care (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice 2017). This implies that nurses have the responsibility to respect patients autonomy while delivering care (Rahmani, Ghahramanian Alahbakhshian, 2010). However, in psychiatric nursing practice, ethical challenges increases for mental health nurses as they cannot engage patients in decision making due to impaired mental and reasoning capacity. This increases the risk of violation of pat ients autonomy and creates a dilemma for nurse. Increase in ethical dilemma apart from the complexity in care of mentally ill patient is the major reason for high turnover rate and poor satisfaction of nurse with psychiatric nursing job (Ma et al., 2016). To overcome these issues and increase the satisfaction of psychiatric nurse in their professional practice, conducting qualitative research to get detailed insight about challenges in maintaining patient autonomy in psychiatric nursing practice is important. This will help to modify models of care and give nurses the flexibility to justify their action of taking clinical decision on behalf of patient in emergencies despite the need to maintain patients autonomy during clinical decision making. This research proposal seeks to employ qualitative research method to understand the dilemma faced by psychiatric nurse in decision making during emergency situation. Research question and research objective: Research objective: The main objective of the research proposal is to- Identify the challenges faced by psychiatric nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during emergencies Evaluate the impact of challenges on psychiatric nursing practice Identify and recommend strategies to improve the skills of psychiatric nurse Recommend strategies to overcome the identified challenges and promote ethically safe nursing practice Research question: The research question is- What are factors that results in violation of patients autonomy/right during emergencies? What is the impact of these challenges on mental health nursing experience? How can they cope with the challenges? Gaps in Literature review: Before proceeding with the research work, it is necessary to review previous research done on the topic and find out what questions stills remain unanswered. The review of recent literature on the issue of ethical conflict in psychiatric nursing practice has shown that frequent ethical problem between nurse and mentally ill patient arise due to neglect and careless behavior towards patients, poor knowledge of nursing ethics and poor skills to manage complexities of psychiatric nursing practice (Rahmani, Ghahramanian Alahbakhshian 2010). Smith Herber (2015) justified the nurse action of violating patients autonomy to serve the best interest of patient and prevent them from any harm. The research explained that people with mental disorders have poor capacity to give informed consent during emergencies and in such situations nurses are required to take best decision on behalf of patient without compromising their life. They do not have the option of consulting family members too becau se they may not be readily available during emergencies or waiting for them might risk patients life. In addition, Puthran et al., (2013) also pointed out that violation of patients autonomy incidence depended on level of therapeutic relationship between patient and nurse. This was based on the assumption that a nurse is more likely to respect patients autonomy if they have good understanding about the subjective feelings of patients with mental illness. Despite the presence of useful insight regarding ethical implication in psychiatric nursing, the gap in these research work was that no process or system was described by which nurses could report about ethical issues in their practice. In some studies, detailed analysis of challenges was not present which limited the transferability of the findings in real setting. Some studies did not addressed the consequences of the challenges for psychiatric nurse. Secondly, there is lack of appropriate evidence regarding the coping mechanism t hat nurses can take to manage professional obstacles in nursing practice. Research methodology: Research paradigm and approach: As the key focus of the research proposal is to investigate in-depth about the psychiatric nurses perspective about violating patients autonomy in emergencies, the use of qualitative research approach is considered to be the most appropriate according to the research objective. The qualitative method of inquiry is useful for in-depth understanding of human behavior and this can be effectively used to evaluate the experiences of psychiatric nurse too (Lewis 2015). The nature of this research can also be defined as exploratory as it mainly explores the research question in detail to determine the nature of problem. Data for the research can be collected by semi-structure interview or survey method and the main advantage of exploratory nature of research in the context of the research question is that it will provide better understanding about the ethical challenges faced by nurse and facilitate brining change in the right direction based on the revelations from the new data (Barker and Pistrang, 2015). By this approach, the meaning of the data can be adequately categorized according to different themes. Reliable and clear set of data can be collected by semi-structured interview method. The use of open-ended questionnaire will help to explore relevant topic in depth which might not be possible with close ended questions (Leung 2015). Close ended questionnaire will also be prepared mainly to get demographic detail of research participants such as age, experience and qualification. Research paradigm is the specific method of inquiry and interpretation to understand a phenomenon in particular context (Mertens 2014). As the purpose of this research proposal is to investigate and evaluate challenges experienced by psychiatric nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during emergencies, it is reflective of interpretivist paradigm. Interpretivist research approach aims to understand human experience and as this research proposal particularly investigates about the experience of psychiatric nurse, it is also dependent on participants views of the situation (Cohen et al. 2013). It can also be regarded as anti-positivism and phenemonology paradigm because anti-positivism focus on interpreting the individual by the ideological position they posses and phenomenological research approach helps to explore the reasons for specific behavior of an individual based on direct interaction with the phenomena (Burrell and Morgan 2017). Hence, this research will not begin with a theo ry, however patterns of meaning will be generated by means of appropriate data collection method. The use of semi-structured interview method in this research also shows qualitative phenomenological approach in research which seeks to describe the lived experience of a phenomenon (Smith 2015). In the research, the lived experience of psychiatric nurse will be investigated and the phenomenon is working engaging in decision making with mentally ill patient. Research design: Descriptive qualitative research design has been adapted for this research proposal as it seeks to investigate about the research topic by means of qualitative semi-structured interview method. This is in relevance to the interpretivist research paradigm because interpretivist research approach integrates human interest in study and this research also focuses on the interest of psychiatrist nurse (Ormston et al. 2014). The reality of challenges in this study will be explored by interviewing psychiatrist nurse working in emergency care with the use of detailed questionnaire on the research topic. The descriptive research design will help to organize the findings into different theme and analyze them individually. True meaning behind the reason for increase in ethical issues related to patients autonomy violation by psychiatric nurse can be understood from this study. Research strategy Data collection: To address the research question, primary data will be collected by means of interview and survey methods. The interview will be based on set of open-ended and close ended questionnaire related to the research questions. The close ended questionnaire for the study will include the following: Year of experience in emergency department of acute mental health nursing Interaction with type of mentally ill patients Age and country of origin Qualification The open-ended questionnaire will inquire about the following Number of ethical violations related to patients autonomy Factors contributing to violation of patients autonomy System in place of psychiatric nurse to report about challenges in psychiatric practice Coping mechanism adopted to deal with challenges The interview will be conducted with selected sample group in an enclosed room and recorded for data analysis purpose. The main interviewer for the study will be an individual with at least 10 years of experience in psychiatric nursing practice but belonging to different institute. This will eliminate any biasness in analysis of research data. The primary data will help in collection of all information related to research question and topic. This can then be analyzed by researcher to answer the research question. Sampling method: The research will be conducted in a reputed mental health care setting in Australia. Non-probability sampling method will be followed to choose specific participants as per requirements of the research. Non-probability sampling is different form probability sampling as it does not employ random methods for selection of participants. This helps in the selection of participants according to specific plan of research (Acharya et al., 2013). The main criteria for selecting sample in this research study is- The participants must have qualification in psychiatric nursing Students with experience up to ten years will be included Nursing student must be between the age of 20-50 years Before conducting the research, the ethical approval for the study will be taken from the Research Committee of Australia and the permission for interview will also be taken from the mental health care setting. The participants will be provided all detail about the purpose of research and they will be included in the research study only after they give their consent for research (Marshall and Rossman 2014).For this, consent form will be sent to all psychiatric nurses. The sample size will be determined on the basis of number of positive response by psychiatric nurses. Data analysis: After the collection of data from semi-structured interview method, the evaluation of the data can be done by thematic approach. The data obtained from the interview can be categorized into the different themes such as organizational barrier, personal practice barrier and patient related barrier based on the response from participants. The content analysis can be done by summarization and tabulation method. The basic level of analysis will be descriptive account of the data and high level would be interpretive analysis of the participants response (Elo et al., 2014). This research design is likely to cover the limitation found in past research as it will provided detailed analysis about challenges and it will also give idea about the limitation in the current system present for nurse to report about ethical challenges in emergency nursing practice. Structure of research: The proposed research will have five chapters consisting of introduction, literature review, research methodology, findings and discussion and conclusion. The first chapter will clearly explain the purpose and significance of research. The second will present the previous work on the topic of investigation. The third chapter will adequately summarize relevant research design, data collection and sampling methods adopted for conducting the research. The fourth chapter will give an indication about the response of ethical challenges faced by psychiatric nurses while working with mentally ill patient patient. Based on the study finding, the final chapter will recommend appropriate strategies needed to enhance the competency of nurse in maintain patients autonomy during care References Acharya, A.S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P. and Nigam, A., 2013, Sampling: Why and how of it, Indian Journal of Medical Specialties,4(2), pp.330-333. Barker, C. and Pistrang, N., 2015, Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners, John Wiley Sons. Burrell, G. and Morgan, G., 2017, Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life, Routledge. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2013.Research methods in education. Routledge. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. and Kyngs, H., 2014, Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness,Sage Open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Eren, N., 2014, Nurses attitudes toward ethical issues in psychiatric inpatient settings, Nursing ethics,21(3), pp.359-373. Leung, L., 2015 Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research Journal of family medicine and primary care,4(3), p.324. Lewis, S., 2015, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Ma, Y.C., Yang, C.Y., Tseng, C.A. and Wu, M.H., 2016 Predictors of Work Stress among Psychiatric Nursing Staff in Rural and Urban Settings in TaiwanInternational Journal of Studies in Nursing,1(1), p.70. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014, Designing qualitative research, Sage publications. Mertens, D.M., 2014, Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods Sage publications. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice. 2017,Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au., Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M. and Snape, D., 2014, The foundations of qualitative research, Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers,2. Puthran, S., Vaswani, V., Jain, A. Kakunje, A., 2013, Perception about autonomy of patients having psychiatric disorder/illness by psychiatry nursing Staff,Age,21, p.30. Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Alahbakhshian, A. (2010), Respecting to patients autonomy in viewpoint of nurses and patients in medical-surgical wards, Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research,15(1), 14. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015, Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, Sage. Smith, J.P. Herber, O.R., 2015, Ethical issues experienced by mental health nurses in the administration of antipsychotic depot and long?acting intramuscular injections: A qualitative study, International journal of mental health nursing,24(3), pp.222-230.

The Csa Essay Example For Students

The Csa Essay What If: The CSA as A NationIf the South had won the Civil War, where might our two countries be today? Would slavery have been phased out, and if so, how soon? Would the South have erected tariffs and immigration quotas? Would Disney World have been located in Florida, and Dollywood in Tennessee? Would there be unified currency for the U.S. and CSA, and would it be any stronger than the Euro?The Confederate States of America would currently be the worlds fourth-largest economic power if the Civil War had turned out differently and the rest of history had gone the same. Thats the conclusion of Demographics Daily, an online newsletter for businesses that released its analysis of economic data pertaining to Alabama and the other 10 states that seceded from the Union. G. Scott Thomas, editor of Demographics Daily, said he decided that April, the month the Confederacy fell in 1865, would be a good time to do the economics and demographics equivalent of alternate history an increasingly popular genre of literature that imagines what would have happened if key historical events had gone the other way. But assuming economic development preceded the same, the CSA would have had a gross domestic product of $2.6 trillion in 1999. Only three countries would have had a larger GDP the United States (shortened to 39 states and the District of Columbia), China and Japan. The CSA would have edged out Germany. In population, the CSA would rank 12th in the world with 84.3 million residents, based on Demographics Dailys analysis of 2000 population statistics. Texas and Florida alone would have counted for almost 37 million people. The CSA would be more racially diverse than the USA, Thomas said. Non-Hispanic blacks would account for 19 percent of the CSA but only 9 percent of the United States. The laws and regulation of the CSA would be different then what laws we have now in the USA. Speaking hypothetically some laws that might be different are driving laws and the, legal age to buy tobacco products would most likely be 13 or 14, the drinking age would be the age that one could start drivin g so you could smoke at 14 and be drinking by 16. The gun toting laws would also be different one could buy a shotgun at the age of 10 and one could also buy semi-auto hand guns at 12 or maybe 14. The mind set of the southern states if total different. Today there would only be Coke products and no one in the south would want to or drink any Pepsi products. Things would be cheaper down south. Gas prices in the southern states would be close to a dollar a gallon. Gas would be that low because the southern states have more â€Å"black gold† flowing around under their cities and off their shores near Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. The state of Texas is rich in oil and the CSA would have numbers of ports to ship the middle eastern oil too. History

Essay Samples of the Format

Essay Samples of the FormatCollege essay samples of format are considered to be very important by a lot of students. These essays help a lot in making you more familiar with the different rules and format that are used by colleges and universities for preparing their candidates for the major exams. Hence, writing these essays and submitting them for an examination is actually very important.They are very important in order to prepare yourself well for the University Exam that you will have to take later. There are many options that you can choose from in order to compose and submit your essay. The following are some of the most common ones:Online Essay Samples of Format: These essays are available online in the form of downloadable files that you can open and then start to write. It can be very useful if you want to learn more about how other essays are written. However, it is not recommended if you would like to use it for testing.Essay Writing Books: You may also purchase a writing book for use when composing your essay. This kind of book can be purchased in the form of paperback books which are specially designed for writing essays. These books are not only cost effective but also very useful in terms of learning how to do things from what a writer has done in the past.College Essay Writing Software: There are several colleges and universities that will provide you with access to computer programs that are specially designed for writing essays. These programs can be used for essays that you will have to write for various examinations.The last option of writing essays in essays of format are through websites that provide you with these essays of format in the form of downloadable files. These sites are actually much easier than the other options mentioned in this article because there are few other concerns that you need to put in mind before actually doing so. You can get the college essay samples of format by going online or searching for them in your local library. You can also buy them in printed form but the best option that I recommend is the method of downloading them from the internet. As long as you buy the materials in advance, you can save a lot of money by being able to download it instead of having to pay for shipping and handling.

Internet Technology Strategies Search Engines an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Internet Technology Strategies Search Engines Research Parameters and Justification Google is one if not the largest and quickest search engines, and is the central technology choice for most Internet users. Google has a standard traditional focus on Internet Marketing. They seek to create and retain satisfied customers by providing a rich mix of services, tools, and content to meet all or at least most of their vast clients needs. A close look at their website demonstrates a variety of tools, links, scrolling messages, news flashes, etc. and an abundance of content. Contrastingly, Yahoo has confidently place their marketing emphasis on virtual and network organizations with a clear mandate on establishing business partnerships. Need essay sample on "Internet Technology Strategies Search Engines" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Google has strived to remain simple and clear cut while Yahoo strikes many as complex and varied. Not to say Google doesn't provide a variety of tools and cutting edge services, they do, but Yahoo is more of a "media driven" company while Google remains a "technology driven" company, Strategic Management In support of these findings, according to Cindy McCaffrey, head of Googles marketing department, "We have done virtually nothing to market the brand." (Brown, 2006) Based on a decision early on to invest in innovative technology, Google chose not to implement an active consumer marketing or advertising campaign on or off line. Because of this clear focus on the user and delivering a product that stands above the rest, arguably 50% of all web searches start with Google. Key Marketing Tools and Search Results of the Future? If anything is to be said about Googles Internet Marketing, it is the skillful ability to promote from within Google is the biggest player when it comes to programs which have become marketing tools onto themselves, i.e. Google, Froogle, Adwords, Google Directory, Google Blog, Search Google, Mobile and specifically Google Earth, which appears to the geographical tool of choice for every broadcast news pision. Google Inc. indexes more than 1 billion URLs, thus providing access to the full text of 560 million web pages. This means that a single search is the equivalent of a stack of paper more than 70 miles high in less than half a second. With searches available in 10 languages and highly relevant search results, Google is the first choice when using technology for communication, learning, and entertainment. (Varey, 2001, p.232) Keywords: E-retailing, Jurisdiction and Global Interaction Promotion is largely via a targeted e-mail data mining system allowing personalization and offers relevant to inpidual consumers. Google makes sites popular with users and attracts links from other sites - characteristics that search engines use in determining rankings. It should be noted that directories of this nature can be very wide in scope, or they could be more focused, in the nature of a trade directory. To ensure contact with potential customers, e-retailers might consider something much more focused. In technologically advanced countries, Google faces the emergence of government-backed rivals. Google offers country- and language-specific variants of its sites and requests of officials from, e.g. Germany to eliminate potentially illegal sites from its google.com counterpart at google.de. So far, Germany does not appear to have asked Google to eliminate such sites from those presented to German-based visitors to google.com, but the notion of geographic specific information tailoring has lodged. In China, thousands of routers around the country are apparently configured to simply drop packets going to or from Internet points of presence that have earned a bad reputation with the authorities, and increasingly subtle forms of filteringsuch as temporarily denying access to Google. (Crews Jr, 2003, p.28) Research Design, Methods, Strategy and Purpose Empirically, Googles platform works on the principle that important, authoritative pages tend to be those that are heavily linked by other pages. This methodology is extremely useful for finding well-known and well-cited Web pages. The codification is organized by most to least cited pages on your topic or search terms. Other search services have formed an alliance with Google to use its software or portions of its index. (Lynch, 2004, p. 217) Researchers will retrieve similar (but not necessarily identical) search results using out sourced search engines, but only through Google directly will yield comprehensive proprietary results from their service. Most online services were funded through advertisements, by venture capitalists, or through corporate cross-subsidization where the profitable pision of a company covered the costs of the online undertaking. Unlike many website who still seek legitimate funding, Google has been able to attract web sites that attract and keep visitors and encourage them to stay and revisit frequently. This achievement, as a search engine and portal site, expanded Googles repertoire (as listed earlier) of services beyond simply pointing people to content elsewhere on the Web. Instead, they matured their business models to the goal of keeping users on their sites as long as possible. By contracting with large content providers they offered sports information, entertainment news, current events, and many other services all under one roof. Conclusion There is little question that Google, a quintessential American success story with a gilt-edged brand name, will have staying power in the United States for many years to come. Googles pay-per-click advertising model earned it more than $6 billion in Internet advertising revenue last year, roughly half of all the money spent by advertisers online in 2005. Amid heightened competition, Googles marketing costs are rising, its profit margins are shrinking, and its slowing rate of growth has disappointed Wall Street. The high-flying stock that once exceeded $475 per share has plunged to less than $350, a drop of more than 25 percent in less than three months. Google certainly tried to hang on to its idiosyncrasies by waiting longer than many other start-ups to offer shares to the public. But as soon as it announced its initial public offering, Google was beholden to the same rules as any other company. But as the company's tentacles extend across the world, its one-size-fits-all strategy simply won't work where different customs and laws prevail. For Google's global winning streak to continue, the search engine born and nurtured in Silicon Valley will have to do more than simply translate its whimsical home page from English into other languages. It remains to be seen how successfully Google can navigate the challenges posed by distinct cultures and foreign governments as it aggressively pursues global growth in the Internet Age. Reference(s) Alec Brown, 2006, BIG MARKETING, SMALL SPENDING: THE GOOGLE STORY, Vital Marketing Limited Richard J. Varey, 2001, Marketing Communication: An Introduction to Contemporary Issues. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 232. Charles Dennis, Tino Fenech, Bill Merrilees, 2004, E-Retailing. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 72. Clyde Wayne Crews Jr, 2003, Adam Thierer, Who Rules the Net? Internet Governance and Jurisdiction. Publisher: Cato Institute. Place of Publication: Washington, DC. Page Number: 28. Maggie Mcvay Lynch, 2004, Learning Online: A Guide to Success in the Virtual Classroom. Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 217.

Anorexia vs. Bulimia Essays

Anorexia vs. Bulimia Essays Anorexia vs. Bulimia Essay Anorexia vs. Bulimia Essay Anorexia and Bulimia are equal opportunity eating disorders. There is no certain race, gender, sexual or religious background in which these eating disorders are more predominant. Anorexia and Bulimia are psychological problems that just happen to deal with food. There are some similarities in the two eating disorders, but they are not necessarily two sides of the same nervosa coin. Anorexia and Bulimia The Similarities Both Anorexia and Bulimia have the same underlying cause low self-esteem. With todays society putting so much emphasis on what is perceived as the perfect body and weight, those people with eating disorders see themselves as imperfect. However, that is not the only underlying cause. Depression and abuse emotional, verbal, sexual and physical are also common factors that contribute to the eating disorders of Anorexia and Bulimia. It is important to note that depression and abuse are not always a factor but that it is prevalent in many cases. In addition, in both disorders, eating is out of their power and self-control. Both of their focus is on food, although there are different ramifications. Anorexia and Bulimia The Differences The result of Anorexia and Bulimia on a persons health is very similar, but the steps leading up to the conditions are not. With Anorexia, a person consciously does not eat in order to achieve what they perceive as the perfect body. When they look in the mirror, they do not see how gaunt and skeletal they appear. Rather, they see themselves as needing to lose just a few more pounds. With Bulimia, a person consumes large quantities of food to numb their feelings. However, shame and guilt creep in and kick off the urge to purge. They purge ia vomiting, excessive exercising, and the use of laxatives or diuretics. Anorexia becomes readily visible once a person drops way below a normal weight. Yet, with Bulimics, they could appear to have a normal body weight or even appear slightly overweight. Unless you caught them in the act of bingeing or purging, you would most likely never guess there were any problems. Medical issues are yet another area where Anorexia and Bulimia differ. For instance, with the constant bingeing and purging, Bulimics can suffer from decaying teeth and even stomach and esophagus problems, all stemming from the regurgitation of stomach acids. People who suffer from Anorexia deal with a variety of health issues like the lack of a menstruation cycle and a lower body temperature. In both eating disorders, they do share some of the same medical problems not listed above like malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances and interruption of body eliminations. Some of these medical issues lead to stroke or heart attack, which is the leading cause of death in people with eating disorders. So while there are some similarities in these two eating disorders, they are also vastly different.

Sexism in Popular Culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sexism in Popular Culture - Dissertation Example Important here to note is there is a significant portion of the movies in Hollywood and instances in the popular culture, where one can easily find female characters, whether lead or supporting, with similar traits, whether it be film, television, theatre, drama, advertising, comic books, literature, video games, cartoons and others (Stephanie & Brabon, 2009, p. 225). The rise of feminism and the debate about the identity of women has forced many filmmakers directors and producers in the media to move away from the traditional emotionally unstable and weak concept of women and portray women in a more realistic and empowering way. This created a demand of â€Å"strong female characters† and over the past couple of decades, many strong female characters have emerged to fill this gap. However, many feminist critics and even other experts have challenged and criticised the idea and depiction of strong female characters. This paper is an attempt to explore and analyse the depiction of women in film and video games, while simultaneously exploring the concept of â€Å"strong female characters†, its ideological grounding and the criticism. ... Towards the end, the Hero would come and save them to live a life happily ever after. However, towards the mid 20th century, the rise of feminism created discontent amongst female viewers and stakeholders of Hollywood that this portrayal of women as â€Å"needy† and â€Å"weak† creatures in sexist. In order to address the same, writers came up with female characters that would be trapped by the villain only after putting up a strong fight (Hollows & Moseley, 2006, p. 58). These women, to a certain degree, had skills normally possessed by men. They could drive sport cars, use guns, had physical strength, was comfortable with her body and could outdrink any man. Even when she could put a fight, these â€Å"strong female characters†, in the end of the movie, would get themselves into trouble and that also in the sexiest way possible. Surprisingly enough, even when she could put a fight to resist the pressures of villain, she would never get a black eye or get physic ally injured probably because they same would decrease her appeal. The point here is that all the â€Å"strength† added to the female character was just an attempt to make her a better and more attractive prize for the hero at the end. (Meyers, 2008, p. 172 (Gillis, et al., 2007, p. 413). The problem with the commonly used phrase â€Å"strong female characters† or â€Å"strong females or women† is that it is ironic, paradoxical and contradictory within itself. Female characters are viewed as strong only when they are able to exhibit dominance, assertiveness, tendency for violence, boldness, rudeness and impudence that is characterised with male characters (Haase, 2004, p. 340). The point here is that in order to become â€Å"strong female characters†, women have to give up the

Clownfish Mating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Clownfish Mating - Essay Example In this struggle, the male clownfish is quite belligerent towards the female and shows his desire by biting, chasing and extending his fins. The female clownfish mates with the male one after some struggle. After it, she lays eggs on a flat surface cleared by the male clownfish and built into a nest. The eggs that are laid by the female clownfish are fertilized and guarded by the male clownfish. He is the one who takes care of the eggs. He becomes free when the eggs get hatched and larvae come out of the hatched eggs. Clownfish is a beautiful fish that is liked all over the world because of its elegant style and appearance. People like to keep clownfish in their aquariums in order to increase the beauty of an aquarium. Clownfish, which is also called anemone fish, belongs to the order Perciformes, its family is Pomacentridae, its genus is Amphiprion and its species is ocellaris (Boyer 2009). Its scientific name is Amphiprion ocellaris (Fishlore.com 2007a). Clownfish is called anemone fish because of its symbiotic relationship with sea anemones (Hoff 1996). Symbiosis can be defined as a process in which, both the organisms are benefited because of the relationship that is formed between them. Clownfish and sea anemone forms a symbiotic association with the anemone due to which, clownfish as well as the sea anemone, both are mutually in advantage (Fishlore.com 2007b). As far as its habitat is concerned, the clownfish is found in warm waters, which are oceanic and sultry (Boyer 2009). The clownfish is usually at most 5 inches long and at least 2 inches small. The male clownfish is smaller in size than female clownfish (Randall, et. al 1997). There is a very interesting fact about clownfish and its gender. When a clownfish gives birth, all the newly born are males (Fishlore.com 2007a). In fact, the clownfish is male at its birth and remains male until it becomes dominant than other male clownfish around it. When one clownfish grows in size and gets