Dramatic Tension in Millers All My Sons Essay - 894 Words

Dramatic Tension in Millers All My Sons This extract begins with Chris and Ann deciding how theyre going to break the news to the Kellers. They start with Joe Keller, and he somewhat approves. The scene is lighthearted until Keller finds out the George is on the phone for Ann from Columbia. This drives is suspicions and gets him very protective. He begins to try and hint to Chris that Ann is here to try and convict him of the death of Larry. Chris then gets very angry with him, and Joe compensates by bringing out his extreme love and care for the success of his family. The tension of the scene gradually builds up until this part, where Joe Keller abruptly gets very content and jokes about how†¦show more content†¦The audience can sense this with the direct tone in Chris speech to his father. Miller very effectively uses contrast between the tension in a scene with the skillful use of light hearted preludes or interludes. The contrast means the dramatic tension has increased. This is usually done with characters like Frank or Sue. This helps the audience distinguish the tension better. In this extract, Miller uses Kellers overriding affection and graduated self confidence at the end of the extract to bring down the tension. Keller becomes very witty and cheerful: Theres gonna be a wedding, kid, like there never was scene! Champagne, tuxedos-! The tension is very abruptly brought down, as it directly follows Chris and Kellers argument. The contrast in tension creates a morbid curiosity in the audience, where they can no longer predict what is to come, which makes the play even better. This increases the rate of anticipation. The most obvious feature of drama is perhaps the dialogue. Miller uses the skill of using offensive speech to bring about the tension. He deliberately causes conflict between two characters to increase the tension. More over, Miller uses stage directions as a dramatic device to bring about the tension in a scene. Keller makes a distracted entrance ontoShow MoreRelatedAll My Sons By Arthur Miller1631 Words   |  7 PagesDramatic tension is a figurative device an author would use to add tension to conflict between characters. In Arthur Miller’s play, All My Sons, dramatic tension is created by using theoretical devices and language, utilizing conflicting character personalities, dramatic irony, and character development, to exhibit dramatic tension in order to keep the audience engaged in the play. ACT 1 At the beginning of Act One, when Keller gives the audience first impressions of characters, the audience beginsRead More Reflections of Arthur Miller’s Era in All My Sons Essay examples1810 Words   |  8 Pages Arthur Miller’s masterpiece, All My Sons, reflects the struggles and sacrifices that the working class endured in trying to keep the America Dream alive. A life of prosperity and security was everyman’s dream, and Miller’s childhood was nothing but prosperous until the Great Depression struck and left his family and many people destitute. With the Great Depression serving as the imposing backdrop of his teenage years, and the Second World War that followed, Arthur Miller’s All My Sons is not onlyRead More Dangers Behavior Exposed in Death of a Salesman Essay example1341 Words   |  6 Pagesflashback occurs during a discussion between Willy and Linda. Willy is depressed not only about his inability to make enough money to support his f amily, but also about his looks, his personality and the success of his friend and neighbor, Charley. My God if business doesnt pick up, I dont know what Im gonna do (36)! is the comment made by Willy after Linda figures the difference between the familys income and their expenses. Before Linda has a chance to offer any words of consolation WillyRead MoreArthur Millers Influence On American Theater1984 Words   |  8 Pagesstart of the great depression in the late 1920’s, his business collapsed and this had a big impact on Millers life. Centola stats in a biography, â€Å"This sudden collapse of the familiar world was a crucial experience in Miller’s life, and he would later frequently draw on the tensions that were created by that severe economic crisis in his writings† (Centola). After high school miller will eventually attended the University of Michigan in 1934, this is where Millers playwriting career began. â€Å"ThereRead MoreDeath of a Salesman as a Mo dern Tragedy2704 Words   |  11 Pagesweaknesses in himself that have brought him to it - this is often referred to as  anagnorisis.   †¢Ã‚  A  catharsis  or purging of emotions at the end, often leading to a sense of ultimate peace and regeneration or the rebuilding of lives and societies.   Miller’s redefinition of the tragic form   In  Death of a Salesman, Miller suggests that the natural hero of the tragedy is the man in the street, you and me, the individual attempting to gain his rightful place in society. Yet, the life of the tragic heroRead MoreThe Effective Use of Dramatic Devices in Millers The Crucible3571 Words   |  15 Pagesfree trials. After Miller’s time in prison, he wrote the Crucible, an allegorical play in which Miller linked the situation of America going ‘hunting Communists’ to the ‘Witch Hunts’ in Salem. Throughout the play Miller creates tension between the characters, however this tension is mainly shown in Act Two. Although the main theme of the Crucible is witch craft, this act concentrates mainly on the relationship of John and Elizabeth Proctor. Miller uses a variety of dramatic devices such as, stageRead More Failure in a Success Oriented Society in Death of a Salesman1923 Words   |  8 Pagestoday, is heightened by Millers skilful use of a range of key techniques, including setting, characterization and symbolism. The drama focuses on the life of a middle aged salesman, Willy Lowman, who, at the outset of the play is on the verge of a nervous breakdown. He lives with his adoring but over protective wife, Linda, who acts as a buffer between her husband and their two adult sons, Biff and Happy, whose relationship with their father is permanently under tension. The play plots the tragicRead MoreConventions of Tragedy in A View From The Bridge By Arthur Miller1100 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller manipulates his characters and uses literary devices to effectively convey to the audience the trajectory of Eddie Carbone and his flaws of misconduct in the play, A View From The Bridge. He uses all the conventions of a modern tragedy adequately to help arouse sympathy, suspense and fear from the audience at significant intervals of the play. Mr Eddie Carbone plays the role of a tragic hero accustomed to a life of dignity andRead MoreSummary Of Death Of A Salesman 3982 Words   |  16 Pagesbusiness plan—he tells us repetitively that it s too complicated and uninteresting to explain—as his approach to life. The success of such a sensationalist movie that archives the rise of a reckless, morally questionable, and self-made man reflects a tension of modern American culture, making us question traditional values of a good life. It is obvious that both protagonists lead an unhappy, deeply troubled, and broken family life, lacking strong family support system and stability. This is particularlyRead More William Faulkners Use of Shakespeare Essay5388 Words   |  22 Pagesclass that Shakespeare’s work provides â€Å"a casebook on mankind,† adding, â€Å"if a man has a great deal of talent he can use Shakespeare as a yardstick† (Webb and Green 134). In one of his last interviews shortly before his death in 1962, Faulkner said of all writers, â€Å"We yearn to be as good as Shakespeare† (LIG 276). The parallels in the lives and careers of the two writers are remarkably striking. Both were born in provincial small towns but found their eventual success in metropolitan cities, Shakespeare

The Sonnets Of Shakespeare s Sonnets - 1396 Words

There are 154 sonnets Shakespeare wrote, though it is popularly theorized that he himself did not publish them; they were published by a man named Thomas Thorpe, who is said to have stolen the sonnets. This explains the unrefined lines found in several of the sonnets. More evidence for this theory stems from the idea that Shakespeare’s heterosexuality had to be proven by publishing the sonnets and claiming that each one about romance was written for or about women. It is not known what Shakespeare’s true sexuality was, though in his time being homosexual was viewed as a grave sin and would have wiped Shakespeare’s name from fame. Ernest Sutherland Bates says in his publication The Sincerity of Shakespeare’s Sonnets, â€Å"The criterion of†¦show more content†¦Many of the sonnets are romantic, with more than half appearing to be written about a romance with a young man, and the rest are written about a woman referred to often as the Dark Lady. Thi s paper will be concerned with Sonnet 7. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 7 strays from the main theme of love and romance, as it is mainly about youth turning into old age. The first four are as follows: â€Å"Lo! in the orient when the gracious light / Lifts up his burning head, each under eye / Doth homage to his new-appearing sight / Serving with looks his sacred majesty.† Already the theme of youth fleeing into old age can be seen; the â€Å"gracious light† refers to the sun, which rises in the east and sets in the west. The â€Å"orient† refers to the East, and so this line depicts someone young. This is reinforced by the phrase â€Å"lifts up his burning head† in the second line, as it characterizes the sun as just rising up over the horizon, burning bright and full of energy for the day ahead. In the third line, â€Å"his new-appearing sight,† also reinforces this imagery of the sun rising each day. The final line in this rhyme pattern implies that others look at the young man with resp ect, as shown by the words â€Å"his sacred majesty.† There has always been a respect for the willpower and determination of young people, and in writing, art, and theatre the young are oftenShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets 1610 Words   |  7 PagesAs a poet, Shakespeare glorified the beauty of his love with the beauty of seasons and nature, while strongly opposing the passage of time with its destructive nature. In his 154 sonnets, there are clear examples of passage of time that highlight both his stylistic techniques as well as key personal events in his life. Early poems discuss his thoughts about love and birth, while later works typify his romantic nature with vivid imagery that highlight beauty. Although Shakespeare’s poems centerRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnets By William Shakespeare1756 Words   |  8 PagesSonnets 5 and 6 from Shakespeare’s Sonnets, a collection of sonnets written by William Shakespeare, represent themes such as procreation, the passage of time, beauty, love and mortality. Shakespeare’s sophisticated use of rhetorical methods, persuasive techniques, metaphors, repetition, structural framing, combined with his aesthetic values create a parallel in these two sonnets. In both sonnets, he tries to convince the handsome young man to marry and beget children so that the youth s incredibleRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnets Of William Shakespeare1006 Words   |  5 Pagesof William Shakespeare have become well-renowned. One could say that through his work, the subjects of which he wrote and the author himself have become immortalized, receiving acclaim from scholars around the world. One such collection of work that has gained fame and admiration is his sonnets. Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets have received much speculation and criticism over the years regarding their intent and subjects. Although some believe Shakespeare to be the narrator of the sonnets, with the perspectiveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Sonnet909 Words   |  4 Pageshis life. These two sonnets are now amongst the most popular sonnets in history because the language he chose is so straightforward yet meaningful, the theme is quite easily recognizable and understandable and the forms are so similar. Although the two poems were written separately, the shared theme is evident and they almost seem to flow together. Shakespeare is capable of underlying deep messages amidst what is seemingly a basic passage of text. In the 18th sonnet, Shakespeare begins by comparingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 291399 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch of his lifetime Shakespeare was better known and more admired as a poet than as a playwright,† (Nelles, Par.1) one can argue that William Shakespeare is one of the most brilliant and fascinating British poets, not only of his time, but also to this day. His work is everlasting and promising. Hence, we are still talking about him and discussing his work in the 21st century. His poems leave the reader inspired and wanting more. The techniques he used for his poems and sonnets are abstract and authoritativeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 181311 Words   |  6 Pages Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 18† is, on the surface, another one of Shakespeare’s poems that praises the endless and otherworldly beauty of a nameless woman, lamenting that Death will eventually take it, as he takes everything. However, there is more to this sonnet than it seems. While the aforementioned description is true, the rhyming couplet coupled with Shakespeare’s trademark mastery of language and wordplay create a completely different reading experience. It is its own self-fulfilling prophecyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 30960 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare s writing about love is exceptionally deep and intensely layered with numerous implications and utilization of rhyme and metaphors. The power of feeling, the profundity of thought, and serious creative energy are all to be found in his sonnets. Shakespeare s Sonnets clarify the value of human relationships by showing that friendship can end one’s own sadness, that love should be commemorated, and that marriage between true minds is loyal and consistent. â€Å"But if the whileRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 1301123 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnet 130 is an unconventional confession of love to his mistress, despite first interpretations. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 parodies the Petrarchan sonnet – popular during the Elizabethan period. Shakespeare uses figures of speech, sarcasm, and the Petrarchan form against itself to mock the ways in which feminine beauty is unrealistically compared to nature and represented. Due to Sidney’s and Spenser’s large impact regarding the popularization of the Petrarchan sonnet, Shakespeare largelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 138863 Words   |  4 Pagesit is just easier to ignore the obvious rather than accepting the facts. Sadly this is exactly how this poem seems to plays out. Sonnet 138 is one of William Shakespeare most famous sonnets. The poem emphasizes the effects of age on the relationship, the mutual decision of dishonesty, and the mys terious and infamous ‘Dark Lady’. Subsequently, in the sonnet Shakespeare references a lot to his numerical number in life. The line â€Å"that she might think me some untutored youth† points out that the speakerRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 301181 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Sonnet 30’’, William Shakespeare introduces the audience to a sad state of mind, extreme abstract metaphors ,and the use of very strong mechanical features ,which opens an intake on ageing love for his audience to imagine the memories of love, all regrets ,and pain that soon evaporates. â€Å"Sonnet 30’’ closely repeats â€Å"Sonnet 29’s† theme that the memories of youth are priceless and it also uses the same structure in Shakespeare’s other sonnets. The quatrains focuses on the emotions of pain with

What is a Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has certain unique properties in the way it reacts to electrical current. It is a material that has much lower resistance to the flow of electrical current in one direction than in another. The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor is between that of a good conductor (like copper) and that of an insulator (like rubber). Hence, the name semi-conductor. A semiconductor is also a material whose electrical conductivity can be altered (called doping) through variations in temperature, applied fields, or adding impurities. While a semiconductor is not an invention and no one invented the semiconductor, there are many inventions which are semiconductor devices. The discovery of semiconductor materials allowed for tremendous and important advancements in the field of electronics. We needed semiconductors for the miniaturization of computers and computer parts. We needed semiconductors for the manufacturing of electronic parts like diodes, transistors, and many photovoltaic cells. Semiconductor materials include the elements silicon and germanium, and the compounds gallium arsenide, lead sulfide, or indium phosphide. There are many other semiconductors—even certain plastics can be made semiconducting, allowing for plastic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) which are flexible, and can be molded to any desired shape. What Is Electron Doping? According to Dr. Ken Mellendorf at Newtons Ask a Scientist: Doping is a procedure that makes semiconductors such as silicon and germanium ready for use in diodes and transistors. Semiconductors in their undoped form are actually electrical insulators that dont insulate very well. They form a crystal pattern where every electron has a definite place. Most semiconductor materials have four valence electrons, four electrons in the outer shell. By putting one or two percent of atoms with five valence electrons such as arsenic in with a four valence electron semiconductor such as silicon, something interesting happens. There are not enough arsenic atoms to affect the overall crystal structure. Four of the five electrons are used in the same pattern as for silicon. The fifth atom doesnt fit well in the structure. It still prefers to hang near the arsenic atom, but it is not held tightly. It is very easy to knock it loose and send it on its way through the material. A doped semiconductor is much more like a conductor than an undoped semiconductor. You can also dope a semiconductor with a three-electron atom such as aluminum. The aluminum fits into the crystal structure, but now the structure is missing an electron. This is called a hole. Making a neighboring electron move into the hole is sort of like making the hole move. Putting an electron-doped semiconductor (n-type) with a hole-doped semiconductor (p-type) creates a diode. Other combinations create devices such as transistors. History of Semiconductors The term â€Å"semiconducting† was used for the first time by Alessandro Volta in 1782. Michael Faraday was the first person to observe a semiconductor effect in 1833. Faraday observed that the electrical resistance of silver sulfide decreased with temperature. In 1874, Karl Braun discovered and documented the first semiconductor diode effect. Braun observed that current flows freely in only one direction at the contact between a metal point and a galena crystal. In 1901, the very first semiconductor device, called cat whiskers, was patented. The device was invented by Jagadis Chandra Bose. Cat whiskers was a point-contact semiconductor rectifier used for detecting radio waves. A transistor is a device composed of semiconductor material. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley all co-invented the transistor in 1947 at Bell Labs.

Cultural Criticism In The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood

Cultural criticism is a broad technique that puts emphasis on the culture that contributed to the production of a work. This approach is an eclectic, interdisciplinary study that utilizes a wide range of topics to analyze literature. Cultural criticism considers a variety of perspectives and branches of knowledge to discover the compilation of beliefs and customs that characterize a group of people. For a cultural reading of The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, a cultural critic would consider the historical background paired with theories such as Marxism and feminism to make assumptions about what culture engendered the creation of this novel. (104 words) Cultural criticism is oftentimes affiliated with historical criticism, more†¦show more content†¦. .† (304). The pervasive fear during this time in history regarding the falling birth rates was heavily reflected in The Handmaid’s Tale. Atwood depicts the punishment given to those who engaged in activ ities such as abortions throughout her novel. For a women in Gilead, more specifically a handmaid, not to reproduce was taboo. This society placed a heavy emphasis on procreation due to the fear of declining birthrates previously mentioned. Overall, Atwood wrote a book regarding the controversial subject, women and fertility, in the 1980s because of its intense cultural relevance at the time. One of the theories to which cultural criticism is linked is Marxism. Marxism was an ideology created by Karl Marx that focuses on struggles between social classes. This theory questions topics such as economics, social classes and the conflict that occurs between them, and oppression (including how it is overcome). Although Marxism is traditionally associated with an economic division between classes, The Handmaid’s Tale entails more of a social division because of the economy in Gilead. One aspect of this economy is that there is not a true monetary system in Gilead; instead, the peopl e use coupons. The social classes are not divided by conventional criteria such as income, but are divided by gender. The men retain the highest, most powerful ranks in society.Show MoreRelatedA Modest Proposal And The Handmaids Tale1592 Words   |  7 PagesSatire is used to criticize and point out society’s flaws. The criticism is usually masked in humour. The irony is commonly used in satires to expose flaws, an effective example is John Smith’s A Modest Proposal, he effectively uses irony, to communicate his argument about the poverty in Ireland at the time. Similarly, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale criticizes the society that women have to live in. Atwood uses allusions to the Old Testament and historical events to satirize the oppressionRead MoreA Summary Of The NovelThe Handmaids Tale1179 Words   |  5 Pages Published in 1985, Margaret Atwood’s satirical novel The Handmaid’s Tale explores the dystopian world of Gilead thro ugh the eyes of Offred, a handmaid. As Offred acclimates to her role as handmaid, she discusses the political developments that led to her current circumstances, and the path that she was forced through as a result. Formerly known as the United States of America, Gilead was established after a massacre of the president and Congress, when a Christian fundamentalist group seized powerRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Theory1942 Words   |  8 Pagesway, the feminist theory can be used to analyze a variety of texts, including the poems, the â€Å"Siren Song† by Margaret Atwood and â€Å"It’s a Woman’s World† by Eavan Boland. Both poems display connections to the feminist theory, particularly in how gender roles and inequality between the sexes influence the poets’ purposes to address male and female stereotypes and encourage change. Although Atwood did not initially intend to debate political and ethical questions in her works, many of her books and poemsRead MoreRelationship Between Men and Women: Jane Eyre and The Handmaids Tale1775 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre entails a social criticism of the oppressive social ideas and practices of nineteenth-century Victorian society. The presentation of male and female relationships emphases men’s domination and perceived superiority over women. Jane Eyre is a reflection of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own observation on gender roles of the Victorian era, from the vantage point of her position as governess much like Jane’s. Margaret Atwood’s novel was written during a period of conservative revival in theRead MoreElements of the Authors World Present in Utopian Fiction Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesErewhon because it makes commentary on certain social issues of his time, disguised as a story about a different culture. George Orwells 1984 and Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale were also written based on the societies in which the authors lived, but these stories take place in the same society at a different time, so they serve more as cautionary tale s than social commentary. Erewhon satirizes many aspects of Victorian English society, including elements of religion, social injustice, andRead MoreStories2682 Words   |  11 Pagesseriousness of the signalman, though, which gradually convinces the teller of the story. The signalman himself is a storyteller, and the difficulty he has in relating his story demonstrates his psychological unease. Dickens balances the oddness of his tale and his strange actions with the affirmation that he is a sane and rational man carrying out great responsibilities on the railway; he is termed ‘the safest of men’ by the narrator, and another railway worker at the end of the story says of him ‘No

The Poets Treatment of Seduction in To His Coy Mistress...

The Poets Treatment of Seduction in To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and The Passionate Shepherd To His Love by Christopher Marlowe Andrew Marvell the writer of To His Coy Mistress was an English poet and satirist. He was born in Winestead, Yorkshire, and went to Hull Grammar School and the University of Cambridge. He was once a member of parliament in 1659. It was possible that he got married to Mary Palmer but it remains in doubt. Other well-known and much-anthologised poems he wrote are: The Garden, The Definition of Love, and Bermudas. Christopher Marlowe was around just under thirty years before Andrew Marvell. Marlowe was also an English poet and also a playwright. He was†¦show more content†¦The man seems to get a bit violent by the end of the poem. The poem I am comparing with To His Coy Mistress is The Passionate Shepherd To His Love by Christopher Marlowe. This poem is about a shepherd who is trying to convince his love to come live with him. My first impressions of this poem is that the shepherd cares a lot for his love and only wants to be with her, so he is going out of his way - offering her lots of precious gifts - to try and convince her to live with him. In the poem To His Coy Mistress the man tries to seduce his mistress by saying things like being shy is a crime, This coyness, lady, were no crime. She losing her looks and shes not getting any prettier, Thy beauty shall no more be found; and then resorts to saying if she doesnt lose her virginity soon, she will die a virgin and the worms will take her virginity from her in her coffin, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦worms shall try that long served virginity: - this comes across as a bit of a threat, which indicates he is getting impatient and violent. In the poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Christopher Marlowe treats seduction in a completely different way than Andrew Marvell does in To His Coy Mistress. In The Passionate Shepherd to His Love the shepherd tries to seduce his love by offering to make her many wonderful things, Will I make thee

Challenges faced by Psychiatric Nurse-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Identify the challenges faced by Psychiatric Nurse in maintaining Patients autonomy during Emergencies. Answer: Introduction: The nursing practice standard is organized around the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning specific health outcome, implementing interventions and evaluating the care process. However, psychiatric mental health nurse face various challenges in maintaining the nursing standards while caring for mentally ill patients. According to the standard 9 of the NMBA standards for nursing practice, nurses are required to support individual or groups to informed decision making and respect a patients decision for care (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice 2017). This implies that nurses have the responsibility to respect patients autonomy while delivering care (Rahmani, Ghahramanian Alahbakhshian, 2010). However, in psychiatric nursing practice, ethical challenges increases for mental health nurses as they cannot engage patients in decision making due to impaired mental and reasoning capacity. This increases the risk of violation of pat ients autonomy and creates a dilemma for nurse. Increase in ethical dilemma apart from the complexity in care of mentally ill patient is the major reason for high turnover rate and poor satisfaction of nurse with psychiatric nursing job (Ma et al., 2016). To overcome these issues and increase the satisfaction of psychiatric nurse in their professional practice, conducting qualitative research to get detailed insight about challenges in maintaining patient autonomy in psychiatric nursing practice is important. This will help to modify models of care and give nurses the flexibility to justify their action of taking clinical decision on behalf of patient in emergencies despite the need to maintain patients autonomy during clinical decision making. This research proposal seeks to employ qualitative research method to understand the dilemma faced by psychiatric nurse in decision making during emergency situation. Research question and research objective: Research objective: The main objective of the research proposal is to- Identify the challenges faced by psychiatric nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during emergencies Evaluate the impact of challenges on psychiatric nursing practice Identify and recommend strategies to improve the skills of psychiatric nurse Recommend strategies to overcome the identified challenges and promote ethically safe nursing practice Research question: The research question is- What are factors that results in violation of patients autonomy/right during emergencies? What is the impact of these challenges on mental health nursing experience? How can they cope with the challenges? Gaps in Literature review: Before proceeding with the research work, it is necessary to review previous research done on the topic and find out what questions stills remain unanswered. The review of recent literature on the issue of ethical conflict in psychiatric nursing practice has shown that frequent ethical problem between nurse and mentally ill patient arise due to neglect and careless behavior towards patients, poor knowledge of nursing ethics and poor skills to manage complexities of psychiatric nursing practice (Rahmani, Ghahramanian Alahbakhshian 2010). Smith Herber (2015) justified the nurse action of violating patients autonomy to serve the best interest of patient and prevent them from any harm. The research explained that people with mental disorders have poor capacity to give informed consent during emergencies and in such situations nurses are required to take best decision on behalf of patient without compromising their life. They do not have the option of consulting family members too becau se they may not be readily available during emergencies or waiting for them might risk patients life. In addition, Puthran et al., (2013) also pointed out that violation of patients autonomy incidence depended on level of therapeutic relationship between patient and nurse. This was based on the assumption that a nurse is more likely to respect patients autonomy if they have good understanding about the subjective feelings of patients with mental illness. Despite the presence of useful insight regarding ethical implication in psychiatric nursing, the gap in these research work was that no process or system was described by which nurses could report about ethical issues in their practice. In some studies, detailed analysis of challenges was not present which limited the transferability of the findings in real setting. Some studies did not addressed the consequences of the challenges for psychiatric nurse. Secondly, there is lack of appropriate evidence regarding the coping mechanism t hat nurses can take to manage professional obstacles in nursing practice. Research methodology: Research paradigm and approach: As the key focus of the research proposal is to investigate in-depth about the psychiatric nurses perspective about violating patients autonomy in emergencies, the use of qualitative research approach is considered to be the most appropriate according to the research objective. The qualitative method of inquiry is useful for in-depth understanding of human behavior and this can be effectively used to evaluate the experiences of psychiatric nurse too (Lewis 2015). The nature of this research can also be defined as exploratory as it mainly explores the research question in detail to determine the nature of problem. Data for the research can be collected by semi-structure interview or survey method and the main advantage of exploratory nature of research in the context of the research question is that it will provide better understanding about the ethical challenges faced by nurse and facilitate brining change in the right direction based on the revelations from the new data (Barker and Pistrang, 2015). By this approach, the meaning of the data can be adequately categorized according to different themes. Reliable and clear set of data can be collected by semi-structured interview method. The use of open-ended questionnaire will help to explore relevant topic in depth which might not be possible with close ended questions (Leung 2015). Close ended questionnaire will also be prepared mainly to get demographic detail of research participants such as age, experience and qualification. Research paradigm is the specific method of inquiry and interpretation to understand a phenomenon in particular context (Mertens 2014). As the purpose of this research proposal is to investigate and evaluate challenges experienced by psychiatric nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during emergencies, it is reflective of interpretivist paradigm. Interpretivist research approach aims to understand human experience and as this research proposal particularly investigates about the experience of psychiatric nurse, it is also dependent on participants views of the situation (Cohen et al. 2013). It can also be regarded as anti-positivism and phenemonology paradigm because anti-positivism focus on interpreting the individual by the ideological position they posses and phenomenological research approach helps to explore the reasons for specific behavior of an individual based on direct interaction with the phenomena (Burrell and Morgan 2017). Hence, this research will not begin with a theo ry, however patterns of meaning will be generated by means of appropriate data collection method. The use of semi-structured interview method in this research also shows qualitative phenomenological approach in research which seeks to describe the lived experience of a phenomenon (Smith 2015). In the research, the lived experience of psychiatric nurse will be investigated and the phenomenon is working engaging in decision making with mentally ill patient. Research design: Descriptive qualitative research design has been adapted for this research proposal as it seeks to investigate about the research topic by means of qualitative semi-structured interview method. This is in relevance to the interpretivist research paradigm because interpretivist research approach integrates human interest in study and this research also focuses on the interest of psychiatrist nurse (Ormston et al. 2014). The reality of challenges in this study will be explored by interviewing psychiatrist nurse working in emergency care with the use of detailed questionnaire on the research topic. The descriptive research design will help to organize the findings into different theme and analyze them individually. True meaning behind the reason for increase in ethical issues related to patients autonomy violation by psychiatric nurse can be understood from this study. Research strategy Data collection: To address the research question, primary data will be collected by means of interview and survey methods. The interview will be based on set of open-ended and close ended questionnaire related to the research questions. The close ended questionnaire for the study will include the following: Year of experience in emergency department of acute mental health nursing Interaction with type of mentally ill patients Age and country of origin Qualification The open-ended questionnaire will inquire about the following Number of ethical violations related to patients autonomy Factors contributing to violation of patients autonomy System in place of psychiatric nurse to report about challenges in psychiatric practice Coping mechanism adopted to deal with challenges The interview will be conducted with selected sample group in an enclosed room and recorded for data analysis purpose. The main interviewer for the study will be an individual with at least 10 years of experience in psychiatric nursing practice but belonging to different institute. This will eliminate any biasness in analysis of research data. The primary data will help in collection of all information related to research question and topic. This can then be analyzed by researcher to answer the research question. Sampling method: The research will be conducted in a reputed mental health care setting in Australia. Non-probability sampling method will be followed to choose specific participants as per requirements of the research. Non-probability sampling is different form probability sampling as it does not employ random methods for selection of participants. This helps in the selection of participants according to specific plan of research (Acharya et al., 2013). The main criteria for selecting sample in this research study is- The participants must have qualification in psychiatric nursing Students with experience up to ten years will be included Nursing student must be between the age of 20-50 years Before conducting the research, the ethical approval for the study will be taken from the Research Committee of Australia and the permission for interview will also be taken from the mental health care setting. The participants will be provided all detail about the purpose of research and they will be included in the research study only after they give their consent for research (Marshall and Rossman 2014).For this, consent form will be sent to all psychiatric nurses. The sample size will be determined on the basis of number of positive response by psychiatric nurses. Data analysis: After the collection of data from semi-structured interview method, the evaluation of the data can be done by thematic approach. The data obtained from the interview can be categorized into the different themes such as organizational barrier, personal practice barrier and patient related barrier based on the response from participants. The content analysis can be done by summarization and tabulation method. The basic level of analysis will be descriptive account of the data and high level would be interpretive analysis of the participants response (Elo et al., 2014). This research design is likely to cover the limitation found in past research as it will provided detailed analysis about challenges and it will also give idea about the limitation in the current system present for nurse to report about ethical challenges in emergency nursing practice. Structure of research: The proposed research will have five chapters consisting of introduction, literature review, research methodology, findings and discussion and conclusion. The first chapter will clearly explain the purpose and significance of research. The second will present the previous work on the topic of investigation. The third chapter will adequately summarize relevant research design, data collection and sampling methods adopted for conducting the research. The fourth chapter will give an indication about the response of ethical challenges faced by psychiatric nurses while working with mentally ill patient patient. Based on the study finding, the final chapter will recommend appropriate strategies needed to enhance the competency of nurse in maintain patients autonomy during care References Acharya, A.S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P. and Nigam, A., 2013, Sampling: Why and how of it, Indian Journal of Medical Specialties,4(2), pp.330-333. Barker, C. and Pistrang, N., 2015, Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners, John Wiley Sons. Burrell, G. and Morgan, G., 2017, Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life, Routledge. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2013.Research methods in education. Routledge. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. and Kyngs, H., 2014, Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness,Sage Open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Eren, N., 2014, Nurses attitudes toward ethical issues in psychiatric inpatient settings, Nursing ethics,21(3), pp.359-373. Leung, L., 2015 Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research Journal of family medicine and primary care,4(3), p.324. Lewis, S., 2015, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Ma, Y.C., Yang, C.Y., Tseng, C.A. and Wu, M.H., 2016 Predictors of Work Stress among Psychiatric Nursing Staff in Rural and Urban Settings in TaiwanInternational Journal of Studies in Nursing,1(1), p.70. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014, Designing qualitative research, Sage publications. Mertens, D.M., 2014, Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods Sage publications. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice. 2017,Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au., Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M. and Snape, D., 2014, The foundations of qualitative research, Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers,2. Puthran, S., Vaswani, V., Jain, A. Kakunje, A., 2013, Perception about autonomy of patients having psychiatric disorder/illness by psychiatry nursing Staff,Age,21, p.30. Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Alahbakhshian, A. (2010), Respecting to patients autonomy in viewpoint of nurses and patients in medical-surgical wards, Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research,15(1), 14. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015, Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, Sage. Smith, J.P. Herber, O.R., 2015, Ethical issues experienced by mental health nurses in the administration of antipsychotic depot and long?acting intramuscular injections: A qualitative study, International journal of mental health nursing,24(3), pp.222-230.

The Csa Essay Example For Students

The Csa Essay What If: The CSA as A NationIf the South had won the Civil War, where might our two countries be today? Would slavery have been phased out, and if so, how soon? Would the South have erected tariffs and immigration quotas? Would Disney World have been located in Florida, and Dollywood in Tennessee? Would there be unified currency for the U.S. and CSA, and would it be any stronger than the Euro?The Confederate States of America would currently be the worlds fourth-largest economic power if the Civil War had turned out differently and the rest of history had gone the same. Thats the conclusion of Demographics Daily, an online newsletter for businesses that released its analysis of economic data pertaining to Alabama and the other 10 states that seceded from the Union. G. Scott Thomas, editor of Demographics Daily, said he decided that April, the month the Confederacy fell in 1865, would be a good time to do the economics and demographics equivalent of alternate history an increasingly popular genre of literature that imagines what would have happened if key historical events had gone the other way. But assuming economic development preceded the same, the CSA would have had a gross domestic product of $2.6 trillion in 1999. Only three countries would have had a larger GDP the United States (shortened to 39 states and the District of Columbia), China and Japan. The CSA would have edged out Germany. In population, the CSA would rank 12th in the world with 84.3 million residents, based on Demographics Dailys analysis of 2000 population statistics. Texas and Florida alone would have counted for almost 37 million people. The CSA would be more racially diverse than the USA, Thomas said. Non-Hispanic blacks would account for 19 percent of the CSA but only 9 percent of the United States. The laws and regulation of the CSA would be different then what laws we have now in the USA. Speaking hypothetically some laws that might be different are driving laws and the, legal age to buy tobacco products would most likely be 13 or 14, the drinking age would be the age that one could start drivin g so you could smoke at 14 and be drinking by 16. The gun toting laws would also be different one could buy a shotgun at the age of 10 and one could also buy semi-auto hand guns at 12 or maybe 14. The mind set of the southern states if total different. Today there would only be Coke products and no one in the south would want to or drink any Pepsi products. Things would be cheaper down south. Gas prices in the southern states would be close to a dollar a gallon. Gas would be that low because the southern states have more â€Å"black gold† flowing around under their cities and off their shores near Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. The state of Texas is rich in oil and the CSA would have numbers of ports to ship the middle eastern oil too. History