Ethnocentrism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethnocentrism - Article Example The only reason behind such a behavior was ethnocentrism. Of importance is the fact that ethnicity is not related to the biology of a person, therefore being alterable and flexible. This is not true for race, which is considered to be the innate qualities of a person, which therefore is unalterable and fixed. Therefore, we can infer that race is a profound reality based on biological origins while ethnicity is relatively superficial. Ethnocentrism therefore does not gives importance to the physical characteristics of a person as long as that person remains a member of that culture. Contrary to this, racism does not give importance to cultural attachment. Rather it favors those who are biologically similar. Racism therefore fails to accommodate those who have similar ideas and interests but are biologically different. The delivery of health care to growing populations of multiple ethnicities in modern day world is a challenge for modern day health care providers. Lapses in cross-cultural communication and mutual understanding which mainly stems from the ethnocentric behavior of health care professionals result in non-compliance of the patients (Thiederman, 1986). Differences in religions and practices may in turn become the cause of disliking a patient by the health care providers. Superstitious behaviors may lead a health care provider to think that patient has some mental abnormality, while the patient is merely practicing what he believes in. Such matters require careful consideration by the health care providers to avoid causing loss to patients. Similarly, patients may suffer from poor standard of care due to the fact that a particular health care provider dislikes a particular ethnicity. Vienna Declaraction states that â€Å"the universal nature† of all human rights and fundamental freedom is â€Å"beyond question† (Ayton-Shenker,

World word II concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World word II concepts - Essay Example In 1942-43, however, the U.S. Army Air Force went to war following a daylight precision bombing doctrine, then drifted toward area bombing, culminating in the Dresden raid and the firebombing of Japan. Conceding that "ethical restraints were not the most important limitation on terror bombing," Crane argues that their influence-amid doctrines, command pressures, and public attitudes--"cannot be completely discounted" (p. 8), and relies on official reports and statements to survey the range of views of strategic bombing among the senior airmen. USAAF trial night bombing missions are not noted, nor are such shaping forces as pacifist lobbying, the Army Industrial College, the Geneva air talks, the Nye Hearings, many, many boards and committees, and the Color/Rainbow War Plans. Nor will many students of propaganda agree that serious concern for public opinion in war-waging dates from the American Civil War. Much of the genealogy of RAF area-bombing lies out of view, from the Independent Air Force in World War I and interwar Air Staff processes, through various Bomber Command chiefs frustrations, the area-bombing scheme of Lindemann, Churchills science advisor, to the August 1942 Moscow Conference, when Churchill promised Stalin to bomb German cities in lieu of a "Second Front." However bellicose in style and rhetoric, Bomber Command chief Air Marshal Sir Arthur "Bert" Harris, was heir to that momentum. Whatever his influence was on Americans, especially on LeMay, the latter is cast as a kind of air-age Cromwell, and his considerable organizing and leadership skills are muted. After speculating how Nimitz or MacArthur might have reined in LeMay, Crane judges the twenty-first Bomber Command "more efficient" than the RAF Bomber Command, which is perplexing since their respective milieux varied widely, in duration, technologies, and distances. Whatever its debits, Cranes study is well worth reading. It describes how

Analysis of Slavery and the Genesis of American Race Prejudice Article Essay

Analysis of Slavery and the Genesis of American Race Prejudice Article - Essay Example Degler states that, â€Å"†¦ the status of the Negro in the English colonies was worked out in a framework of discrimination; that from the outset, as far as the available evidence tells us, the negro was treated inferior to the white man’s servant of the free man† (Degler 52). Degler in this statement puts a halt to the discussion on what came first between slavery and discrimination and asserts that slavery evolved from the continued discrimination of the Negro by the white man, partly because there were no structures to protect Negros in America. Consequently, slavery evolved as a legal status and an epitome to discrimination. Degler seeks to differentiate the difference in the treatment of Negros in the Spanish and Portuguese Iberian region to that of the British. He explains that the major differences were that while the former had already fixed legal status to deal with the Negro even before they ventured into America, the same structures lacked in British te rritories. Secondly, Degler explains that â€Å"the discrimination against the negro antedated the legal status of slavery† (Degler 52). These were the main facts that differentiated British treatment of the Negros from the Spanish and the Portuguese. Degler in his argument makes a clear statement that slavery in the North American region left a considerably different mark on the status of Negros compared to the South American region, which according to Degler explains the current cases of racism in America. Degler asserts that as Handlin asserted, before the seventeenth century, the term slavery was not in use. However, Degler is fast to clarify that the fact that the discriminatory name did not exist does not indicate there was similar treatment between the Negro and the freeman.  

Capital Budgeting and Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capital Budgeting and Business Ethics - Essay Example The above-detailed case is an illuminating example for this. The financial management was experiencing the difficulty of how to obey governments rule and follow business ethics whereas how to deal with the inventory in a way that is the best interest of the shareholders. Financial management is expected to evaluate a number of factors in making capital investment decisions. They need to estimate how much is the future cash flows of the firm and how it will change if it invests in a project, but more specifically, the management has to evaluate and foresee the uncertainty associated with these future cash flows (Peterson and Fabozzi, 2002, p. 4). In capital budgeting, the financial management is primarily responsible for searching for the best alternatives, just as with zero-based budgeting, so as to avoid any likely risks (Finkler and McHugh, 2008, p. 246). It is thus the fundamental responsibility of the financial managers in capital budgeting to study and assess whether there can be any legal, economic and financial troubles in carrying in the business in the future and to find best alternatives from many options it has. The financial management, especially in order to ensure that they could save the interests of the shareholders, must evaluate the projects even after it has started manufacturing or marketing of the particular products. In the case detailed above - fire-retardant pajamas- the financial management has to evaluate that this can be a risky project due to its contents that are carcinogens, and therefore over-production can result in greater risks. There must be a proper mechanism in the capital budgeting so that it can avoid complaints of individuals that things are not done the way they should be done.  

Decision Support Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decision Support Systems - Term Paper Example However, even after six months, many of the two million people made homeless still need and are waiting for the supports (Oxfam New Zealand, n.d). Pakistan frequently experiences natural disasters resulting in heavy casualties of life and wealth. The seismic risk is heavy in many major Pakistani cities like Karachi, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. Poor constructions and lack of building codes enforcement lead to further loss of human life. Further, changes in demography and climate could lead to more damages (Pakistan 2005 Earthquake, n.d, 24) Decision Support Systems: Considering the extent of the devastation caused by the earthquake in Pakistan and the possibility of its reoccurrence in the future, it is necessary that certain strategy should be devised to reduce the deadly effects of these natural catastrophes. Here are some of the steps suggested for the concerned authorities to consider. Identifying the risk: It has been found earlier that there are greater chances of the places around the earthquake-affected area experiencing the tremors of the earth shake. Seismological monitoring does exist in almost every country but it should be modernized. After the recent quake efforts should be made to make new seismic risk analysis in Pakistan. A combined assessment of the potential risk to human lives, infrastructure, and the economy should be made. The authorities in the areas prone to the earthquakes should be made aware of these hazards and instructed to strictly follow the construction rules. In the future development plan, the areas of the earthquake should be shown clearly. Also, there should not only be the seismic recording machines, but there should also be early warning systems. The experienced scientist should closely monitor these systems. The time of warning before the actual occurrence of the disaster should be long enough for the government to take preventive actions like the removal of people from the area of the potential disaster. These early warning systems should be maintained properly and from time to time should be checked for the consistency (Pakistan 2005 Earthquake, n.d, 25) Responding to the Earthquake: A national disaster strategy should be made and implemented. At the time of disaster, there should be close coordination between the national authorities and the local authorities. After the disaster, the local community is generally the first responder. Hence the locals in the disaster-prone areas should be given the training to tackle the emergency situations. They should be trained to protect themselves and also protect others (Pakistan 2005 Earthquake, n.d, 24). The local authorities also should be made competent enough and trained to face such emergency situations. The NGOs should be encouraged to get involved in the emergency, at the earliest. The local community, the NGOs, the local authorities and the national authorities, all should be made to work in tandem without creating unnecessary hassles in the emergency situation. Â  

Ethics in Health Care Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics in Health Care Services - Essay Example There are exceptions in Ethics Code in extraordinary circumstances where health providers with closely related expertise can offer services if no one else can (Beauchamp & Childress, 2001). It is, however, to a condition that they take a reasonable approach to acquiring competence required.Respect of people’s autonomy forms another crucial tool in minimizing cases of unethicality in the health sector (Duncan, 2010). Health care providers need to offer clients with the information they require to give their informed accord at the start. Failure to give details may cause sticky situations. For example, when a health practitioner fails to explain own duty to report abuse to an adolescent client before treatment commences, an unsure scene may occur if abuse is later revealed the client did not want to report. Important discussion should be the estimated length of therapy, fees, and billing practices, whom to involve in case of emergency and any alternative treatment approaches.Whe n one of his twins died and one survived with brain injuries, Charles Munro argued that the results came about, because of year’s delay in handling the physiotherapy. He complained that, the delay was unacceptable as the disciplinary measures of those involved aimed at safeguarding everybody. He complained of the inaction of the ministry and Minister of Health.Munro viewed that the physiotherapy requires maximum care and dedication to ensuring the achievement of maximum results. If practitioners can take, maximum care to their parents.

Descartes and David Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Descartes and David - Essay Example Researcher and philosopher would have to decide whether to go where with which type of inquiry method. Empirical method of inquiry to which Mr. David Hume belongs is basically the research which is based on the direct experiences and observations made. This method is adopted usually to test a hypothesis drawn for a research. Hypothesis is the assessment of association of variables and phenomenon gathered and drawn out of past studies. The word empirical itself means facts collected after direct experiences and observations. The paper â€Å"Dialogue Concerning Natural Religion† by David Hume is portraying the beliefs and knowledge gathering based on empirical method. David believes that knowledge comes from evidential base, so whether the religion beliefs are right or wrong, and you can say rational or not. By applying empirical method technique, David has to analyze whether there are enough proofs and valid arguments regarding existence of God or it is just about a person born with a particular religion. Another benefit comes from empirical studies that you have to ask directly the related population of your research about the concerns of objectives. Empirical studies are basically divided into two main broad categories. They are Qualitative methods and Quantitative methods. Qualitative research is an analysis by interpretation of facts and information gathered from interviews and questionnaires filled in by the population sample. The analysis made is without the involvement of any number and quantifiable material or aspect. Qualitative research is based on directly interacting with the people and asking about the views and belief for specific object. Quantitative research on the other hand is totally based on the measurements of facts, relations significance, number involvements etc. the phenomenon and all the collected facts are gathered in the way that they can be measured and quantified. Checking in the strengths of empirical method in this paper let us discuss the methodology Hume adopted for the collection of religion beliefs facts. He did not ask if he could rationally prove that God exist. Rather all should come to the conclusions demonstrating God’s nature. For the sake, he described three characteristics of different point of views; Cleanthes, Demea and Philo. Interactions among the researchers and believers enabled the information to give fruitful and reliable results of topics. Quantitative methods are strongly beneficial for the discovery of facts related to measurable research like finance, economic integrations, and scientific facts. But this method cannot work efficiently in the research of human beliefs and views about a real truth. For this purpose of exploration about people thoughts and beliefs on universal truth direct interactions, interviews focus group discussions and arguments are best ways to analyze. This method is called Qualitative method as discussed above. Empirical studies give best results in the research of economic and finance related topics through quantitative methods. And political science, philosophies, universal truths etc tends to come out more beneficial through Qualitative methods. Understanding and gathering of knowledge comes from researching each fact and figure related to them. And research expertise comes from holding complete command on the methods of research e.g. metaphysical method of inquiry, empirical methods of inquiry etc. These techniques help a lot in